(note.1)

The data collected from the field work in 1992-1994 in Taiwan reveal that many divine stones in this island are still considered as having evil-warding or fertilizing capability. However, probably due to the limitation of the field research, no divine stone is regarded as rain-making or good-geomancy-bringing as recorded in Chinese textual references reviewed in Chapter Two. Similarly, divine trees in Taiwan are still venerated as miracle trees, the Land God, or temple tree of the Land God etc. But none of them is considered as geomancy tree. I think the reason that there is not the belief of rain-making stone might be because Taiwan has abundant rainfall year-round, it is not necessary to pray for rain- making. By the same token, the lack of geomancy stone and tree might be because this island has one of the highest population densities in the world, and there is no space for the geomancy stones and trees. However, there is a need for further investigation.

(note.2)

They are: the stone Land God of Pei-go Village (#S12; see figure 12), the stone Land God of Tua-un Village (#S13; see figure 13), the stone Land God of Chhen-the Lane (#S21; see figures 21 & 22), the stone Land God of San-tiau Hill (#S23; see figure 25), the stone Land God of E-kham-te Hamlet (#S25; see figure 27), the stone Land God of E-huan Field (#S28; see figure 30), the stone Land God of Sin-hong Ward (#S29; see figure 31), the stone Land God of Chui- bue-a Hamlet (#S30; see figure 32), the stone Land God of Ai-liau Hamlet (#S31; see figure 33), the stone Land God of Phek-chiu Ward (#S32; see figure 34), the stone Land God of Chhien-kah Ward (#S39; see figure 41), the stone Land God of Tong-an Street (#S42; see figure 44), the stone Land God of Tua-kham Village (#S51; see figure 55), the stone Land God of Tiang-ken Village (#S53; see figure 58), the stone Land God of Gien-kiu-in Road (#S54; see figure 59), the stone Land God of Chhau-o. Hamlet (#S61; see figure 65), the tree Land God of In-suan Street (#T11; see figure 76), the tree Land God of the East Gate (#T12; see figure 77), the tree Land God of Pak-li Rural-town (#T35; see figure 102), and the Elderly Tree of Pak-li Rural-town (#T36; see figure 103).

(note.3)

They are: the Stone Goddess of Pak-biau Ward (#S1; see figure 1), the Stone Goddess of Ka-seng Ward (#S2; see figure 2), the Stone Grandfather of Ka-seng Ward (#S3; see figure 3), the Stone Goddess of Lek-biau Ward (#S4; see figure 4), the Stone Buddha of Uan-lim Town (#S5; see figure 5), the Stone God of Sia-thau Rural-town (#S6; see figure 6), the Stone God of Kim-eng Ward (#S7; see figure 7), the Stone General of Tan-khe Rural-town (#S8; see figures 8 & 9), the Stone Divine Grandfather of Pat-po Village (#S9; see figure 10), the Emperor of Six Areas of Tan-suan Rural-town (#S10), the Stone God of Jin-ho Village (#S11; see figure 11), the Stone God of Kang-khau Ward (#S14; see figure 14), the Stone God of Ho-peng Ward (#S15; see figure 15), the Stone God of Tek-san Town (#S17; see figure 17), the Stone God of Ka-lo Ward (#S18; see figure 18), the Stone God of Tiong-guan Ward (#S19; see figure 19), the Stone God of Tho.-sian Ward (#S20; see figure 20), the Stone God of Sin-hong Ward (#S27; see figure 29), the Stone God of Sion-lim Ward (#S33; see figure 35), the Stone God of Khe-te Hamlet (#S34; see figure 36), the Stone God of Ka-hin Ward (#S35; see figure 37), the Stone God of Ka-ho Ward (#S36; see figure 38), the Stone God of Hi-ti Rural-town (#S37; see figure 39), the Literate and Militant Emperor of Po.-ho Village (#S38; see figure 40), the Grandfather of Yellow Stone of Lai-o. District (#S43; see figure 45), the Stone God of Pe-hun Ward (#S44; see figures 46 & 47), the Stone God of Pak-tau District (#S47; see figure 50), the Wind-moving Stone of Bak-sa District (#S48; see figure 51), the Stone God of Su-Lim District (#S50; see figures 53 & 54), the Stone God of Pat-li Rural-town (#S52; see figures 56 & 57), the Stone God of Gien-kiu-in Road (#S55; see figure 60), the Stone God of Chhau-o. Hamlet (#S58; see figure 63), the Stone God of Tang-si Town (#S59), the Stone God of Hong-guan City (#S60; see figure 64), The Tree God of Uan-lim Town (#T1; see figure 66), the Pine King of Chong-ui Rural-town (#T2; see figure 67), the Tree God of Peng-ho Ward (#T3; see figure 68), the Tree God of Thau-hun Village (#T4; see figure 69), the Tree God of Siong-tek Village (#T5; see figure 70), the Tree God of Kim-bin Ward (#T6; see figure 71), the Tree God of Kui-sin Village (#T7; see figure 72), the Tree God of Kang-khau Ward (#T8; see figure 73), the Tree God of Tiong-san Ward (#T9; see figure 74), the Tree God of So.-o Urban-town (#T10; see figure 75), the Banyan Grandfather of Ka-lo Ward (#T13; see figure 78), the Tree God of Tun-ho Ward (#T14; see figure 79), the Tree God of To.-sian Ward (#T15; see figure 80), the Beech Grandfather of Pak-si Ward (#T16; see figure 81), the Tree God of Sin-hong Ward (#T17; see figure 82), the Banyan God of Sion-lim Ward (#T18; see figure 83), the Divine Tree of Pen-teng Ward (#T19; see figure 84), the Tree God of Gue-bai Hamlet (#T20; see figure 86), the Tree God of Khe-te (#T21; see figure 87), the Tree God of Cho.-su Lane (#T22; see figure 88), the Tree God of Uan-chip Road (#T23; see figure 89), the Tree God of Lo-chui Village (#T24; see figure 90), the Tree God of Chhau- lian Lane (#T25; see figure 91), the Tree God of Ho-peng Ward (#T26; see figure 92), the Banyan Tree Goddess of Thong-liang Village (#T27; see figure 93), the Tree God of Chap-ji Field (#T28; see figure 94), the Tree King of Sai-kang Rural-town (#T30; see figure 96), the Tree God of Ka-li Town (#T31; see figure 97), the Tree God of Chheng-bek Ward (#T32; see figure 98), the Tree God of Lam-kian West Road (#T34; see figure 101), the Tree God of Lam-huin Ward (#T37), the Tree God of Chhau-o. Hamlet (#T38; see figure 104), and the Tree King of Tai-li Rural-town (#T39; see figure 105).

(note.4)

They are: the stone Granny of Ho-peng Ward (#S16; see figure 16), the stone Good Brothers of Bah-tau Hamlet (#S22; see figure 23), the stone Good Brothers of San-tiau Hill (#S24; see figure 26), the stone Good Brothers of E-kham-te Hamlet (#S26; see figure 28), the Grandfather of the Ancient Temple of An-lam District (#S40; see figure 42), the Divine Stone of Giong-tek Boulevard (#S41; see figure 43), the stone Granny of Chhim-khen Rural-town (#S45; see figure 48), the White Crane Immortal of Chhim-khen Rural-town (#S46; see figure 48), the First Divine Patriarch of Chiang-chiu District of Chiam-teng Hamlet (#S49; see figure 52), the stone Turtle of Ken-ki Road (#S56; see figure 61), the Stone God of Tham- te Ward (#S57; see figure 62), the General Chu of Sai-kang Rural- town (#T29; see figure 95), and the Autumn Maple God of Lam-kang District (#T33; see figure 99).

(note.5)

According to a hagiography cited by Katz (1993), Xiangong was born on the fourteenth day of the fourth lunar month in the town of Yunluo and was the grandson of Lyu Wei. The given name of the god was Lyu Yian, but he later adopted the zi (style name) Dongbin. After becoming a Taoist he used the Taoist name Chunyang, which means "Purified Yang", and also occasionally referred to himself as Hui Daoren (Taoist Hui) in a form of wordplay on his surname (Katz 1993:6). The first sources to mention Xiankong date from the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, it is suspected that the cult of Xiangong had begun to take shape during the waning years of the Five Dynasties period. At Mt. Lu (in Jiangxi Province) he encountered an anonymous "divine immortal" (Shenxian) who transmitted to him a form of sword-play and various longevity techniques which enabled Sian'gong himself to become an immortal one (Katz 1993:7).

(note.6)

The original deified tree for the worship of the Tree God of Tiong-san Ward (#T9) is also dead. However, the way in which the cult is different from the previous three localities is that the believers of the tree chose a new tree and planted it to replace the original tree when it died and continued to worship the new tree (see figure 74) as the Tree God.

(note.7)

The cost of each rod is about NT$700,000 (Chang Chin-ju 1993a:76).